EPUB 3 Structural Semantics Vocabulary 1.1

W3C Group Note

More details about this document
This version:
https://www.w3.org/TR/2023/NOTE-epub-ssv-11-20231221/
Latest published version:
https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-ssv-11/
Latest editor's draft:
https://w3c.github.io/epub-specs/epub33/ssv/
History:
https://www.w3.org/standards/history/epub-ssv-11/
Commit history
Editors:
Ivan Herman (W3C)
Matt Garrish (DAISY Consortium)
Former editors:
Tzviya Siegman (John Wiley & Sons)
Markus Gylling (International Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF))
Feedback:
GitHub w3c/epub-specs (pull requests, new issue, open issues)
public-pm-wg@w3.org with subject line [epub-ssv-11] … message topic … (archives)
Errata:
https://w3c.github.io/epub-specs/epub33/errata.html

Copyright © 1999-2023 International Digital Publishing Forum and World Wide Web Consortium. W3C® liability, trademark and permissive document license rules apply.

Abstract

This vocabulary, a part of EPUB® 3, defines a set of properties relating to the description of structural semantics of written works.

Status of This Document

This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at https://www.w3.org/TR/.

This document was published by the Publishing Maintenance Working Group as a Group Note using the Note track.

This Group Note is endorsed by the Publishing Maintenance Working Group, but is not endorsed by W3C itself nor its Members.

This is a draft document and may be updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to cite this document as other than work in progress.

The W3C Patent Policy does not carry any licensing requirements or commitments on this document.

This document is governed by the 03 November 2023 W3C Process Document.

1. Introduction

Structural semantics add additional meaning about the specific structural purpose an HTML (or SVG) element plays. The epub:type attribute [epub-33] is used to express domain-specific semantics in EPUB content documents and media overlay documents [epub-33], with the structural information it carries complementing the underlying vocabulary.

The applied semantics refine the meaning of their containing elements without changing their nature for assistive technologies, as happens when using the similar role attribute [html]. The attribute does not enhance the accessibility of the content, in other words, only provides hints about the purpose.

Semantic metadata enriches content for use in publishing workflows and for author-defined purposes. It also allows reading systems to learn more about the structure and content of a document (e.g., to enable skippability and escapability in media overlay documents).

The [epub-33] specification defines a method for adding structural semantics using the attribute axis: instead of adding new elements, EPUB creators can append the epub:type attribute to existing elements to add the desired semantics. This document defines a set of property values, i.e., a vocabulary, that can be used for that purpose.

1.1 About this vocabulary

While the EPUB Structural Semantics vocabulary is generally host language agnostic, it has been constructed primarily to enable semantic inflection of elements in the HTML vocabulary.

The HTML usage context fields indicate contexts in HTML documents where the given property is considered relevant. EPUB creators may use the properties on HTML markup elements not specifically listed, but must ensure that the semantics they express represent a subset of the carrying element's semantics and do not attach an existing element's meaning to a semantically neutral element.

The DPUB-ARIA role fields indicate the [dpub-aria-1.0] roles that can alternatively be used with the [html] role attribute to improve accessibility. These roles may have more restrictive usage contexts, however, so may not be valid wherever the epub:type attribute [epub-33] is used (e.g., roles are not allowed on the [html] body element). Refer to [html-aria] for more information about where the roles are allowed.

When processing HTML documents, reading systems may ignore such non-compliant properties, unless their usage context is explicitly overridden or extended by the host specification.

The Usage details field, when present, identifies a specification that defines or utilizes the designated property. Authors are only required to follow these usage details if they are creating content that conforms to the specified specification, or if the rules apply to all EPUB publications. In all other cases, the properties may be used however needed.

2. Document partitions

backmatter

Ancillary material occurring after the main content of a publication, such as indices, appendices, etc.

HTML usage context: section, body

bodymatter

The main content of a publication.

HTML usage context: section, body

cover

A section that introduces the work, often consisting of a marketing image, the title, author, and publisher, and select quotes and reviews.

HTML usage context: section, body

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-cover (only allowed on cover image tag)

frontmatter

Preliminary material to the main content of a publication, such as tables of contents, dedications, etc.

HTML usage context: section, body

3. Document divisions

chapter

A major thematic section of content in a work.

HTML usage context: section, body

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-chapter

division

A major structural division that may also appear as a substructure of a part (esp. in legislation).

HTML usage context: section, body

subchapter [deprecated]

A major sub-division of a chapter.

HTML usage context: section, body

part

A major structural division in a work that contains a set of related sections dealing with a particular subject, narrative arc, or similar encapsulated theme.

HTML usage context: section, body

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-part

volume

A component of a collection.

HTML usage context: section, body

4. Document sections and components

Sections and components that typically occur in the publication bodymatter.

abstract [draft]

A short summary of the principle ideas, concepts, and conclusions of the work, or of a section or excerpt within it.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-abstract

afterword

A closing statement from the author or a person of importance, typically providing insight into how the content came to be written, its significance, or related events that have transpired since its timeline.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-afterword

conclusion

A concluding section or statement that summarizes the work or wraps up the narrative.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-conclusion

epigraph

A quotation set at the start of the work or a section that establishes the theme or sets the mood.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-epigraph

epilogue

A concluding section of narrative that wraps up or comments on the actions and events of the work, typically from a future perspective.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-epilogue

foreword

An introductory section that precedes the work, typically not written by the author of the work.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-foreword

introduction

A preliminary section that typically introduces the scope or nature of the work.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-introduction

preamble

A section in the beginning of the work, typically containing introductory and/or explanatory prose regarding the scope or nature of the work's content

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

preface

An introductory section that precedes the work, typically written by the author of the work.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-preface

prologue

An introductory section that sets the background to a work, typically part of the narrative.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-prologue

5. Document navigation

landmarks

A collection of references to well-known/recurring components within the publication

HTML usage context: sectioning content

Usage details: The landmarks nav Element [epub-33]

loa

A listing of audio clips included in the work.

HTML usage context: sectioning content

loi

A listing of illustrations included in the work.

HTML usage context: sectioning content

lot

A listing of tables included in the work.

HTML usage context: sectioning content

lov

A listing of video clips included in the work.

HTML usage context: sectioning content

toc

A navigational aid that provides an ordered list of links to the major sectional headings in the content. A table of contents may cover an entire work, or only a smaller section of it.

HTML usage context: sectioning content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-toc

Usage details: The toc nav Element [epub-33]

toc-brief [draft]

An abridged version of the table of contents.

HTML usage context: sectioning content

6. Document reference sections

appendix

A section of supplemental information located after the primary content that informs the content but is not central to it.

HTML usage context: sectioning content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-appendix

colophon

A short section of production notes particular to the edition (e.g., describing the typeface used), often located at the end of a work.

HTML usage context: sectioning content, grouping content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-colophon

credits [draft]

A collection of credits.

HTML usage context: sectioning content, grouping content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-credits

keywords [draft]

A collection of keywords.

HTML usage context: sectioning content, grouping content

6.1 Bibliographies

biblioentry

A single reference to an external source in a bibliography. A biblioentry typically provides more detailed information than its reference(s) in the content (e.g., full title, author(s), publisher, publication date, etc.).

Required parent context: bibliography

HTML usage context: grouping content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-biblioentry (Deprecated)

bibliography

A list of external references cited in the work, which may be to print or digital sources.

HTML usage context: sectioning content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-bibliography

6.2 Dictionaries

antonym-group

A group of terms, each having an opposite or nearly opposite meaning from a headword or idiom.

Required ancestor context: dictentry

HTML usage context: flow content

Usage details: Antonym Groups [epub-dict-10]

condensed-entry

A condensed dictionary entry designed for constrained lookup viewports.

Required parent context: dictentry

HTML usage context: aside

Usage details: The Condensed Entry [epub-dict-10]

def

The definition of a particular meaning of a headword or idiom.

Required ancestor context: dictentry

HTML usage context: flow content

Usage details: Definitions [epub-dict-10]

dictentry

A dictionary entry.

Required parent context: dictionary

HTML usage context: article

Usage details: The Dictionary Entry [epub-dict-10]

dictionary

A collection of dictionary entries.

HTML usage context: body or section

Usage details: The Dictionary Container [epub-dict-10]

etymology

An explanation of the historical origin of a headword.

Required ancestor context: dictentry

HTML usage context: flow content

Usage details: Etymologies [epub-dict-10]

example

An illustration of the usage of a defined term or phrase.

Required ancestor context: dictentry

HTML usage context: flow content

Usage details: Examples [epub-dict-10]

gram-info

Supplemental grammatical information related to the headword and modifying a part of speech or a particular meaning.

Required ancestor context: dictentry

HTML usage context: flow content

Usage details: Related Grammatical Information [epub-dict-10]

idiom

A defining instance of a phrase.

Required parent context: dictentry or phrase-group

HTML usage context: dfn

Usage details: Idioms [epub-dict-10]

part-of-speech

The grammatical function of a headword.

Required ancestor context: dictentry

HTML usage context: flow content

Usage details: The Dictionary Container [epub-dict-10]

part-of-speech-list

A list of part of speech groups in a dictionary entry.

Required ancestor context: dictentry

HTML usage context: ol

Usage details: Part of Speech Lists [epub-dict-10]

part-of-speech-group

A unit that associates a part of speech with its related sense and phrase groups.

Required ancestor context: dictentry

HTML usage context: flow content

Usage details: Part of Speech Groups [epub-dict-10]

phonetic-transcription

A phonetic transcription of the pronunciation of a headword or other component of a dictionary entry.

Required ancestor context: dictentry or glossary

HTML usage context: flow content

Usage details: Phonetic Transcriptions [epub-dict-10]

phrase-list

A list of phrase groups in a dictionary entry.

Required ancestor context: dictentry

HTML usage context: ol or ul

Usage details: Phrase Lists [epub-dict-10]

phrase-group

A unit for organizing information pertaining to an idiom or example.

Required ancestor context: dictentry

HTML usage context: flow content

Usage details: Phrase Groups [epub-dict-10]

sense-list

A list of sense groups in a dictionary entry.

Required ancestor context: dictentry

HTML usage context: ol

Usage details: Sense Lists [epub-dict-10]

sense-group

A unit for organizing information pertaining to a particular meaning of a headword or idiom.

Required ancestor context: dictentry

HTML usage context: flow content

Usage details: Sense Groups [epub-dict-10]

synonym-group

A group of terms, each having identical or similar meaning to a headword or idiom.

Required ancestor context: dictentry

HTML usage context: flow content

Usage details: Synonym Groups [epub-dict-10]

tran

The translation of a particular meaning of a source language headword, idiom, or example into a target language.

Required ancestor context: dictentry

HTML usage context: flow content

Usage details: Translations [epub-dict-10]

tran-info

Grammatical or usage information related to a translation.

Required ancestor context: tran

HTML usage context: flow content

Usage details: Translation-Related Information [epub-dict-10]

6.3 Glossaries

glossary

A brief dictionary of new, uncommon, or specialized terms used in the content.

HTML usage context: dl, sectioning content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-glossary

Usage details: The Glossary Container [epub-dict-10]

glossdef

The definition of a term in a glossary.

Required parent context: glossary

HTML usage context: The glossdef property is implied on dd elements within a dl element marked with the glossary property.

Usage details: Glossary Terms and Definitions [epub-dict-10]

glossterm

A glossary term.

Required parent context: glossary

HTML usage context: The glossterm property is implied on dd elements within a dl element marked with the glossary property.

Usage details: Glossary Terms and Definitions [epub-dict-10]

6.4 Indexes

index

A navigational aid that provides a detailed list of links to key subjects, names and other important topics covered in the work.

HTML usage context: sectioning content, body

Usage details: index property [epub-indexes-10]

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-index

index-editor-note

Editorial note pertaining to a single entry.

Required parent context: index-entry

HTML usage context: flow content

Usage details: index-editor-note property [epub-indexes-10]

index-entry

One term with any attendant subentries, locators, cross references, and/or editorial note.

Required parent context: index-entry-list

HTML usage context: li; this property is implied when parent ul is of type index-entry-list (implicit or explicit)

Usage details: index-entry property [epub-indexes-10]

index-entry-list

Collection of consecutive main entries or subentries.

Required parent context: index-entry , index-group, and index

HTML usage context: ul; this property is implied when the ul has an ancestor of index except within index-headnotes

Usage details: index-entry-list property [epub-indexes-10]

index-group

Collection of consecutive main entries that share a common characteristic, for example the starting letter of the main entries.

Required parent context: index

HTML usage context: sectioning content

Usage details: index-group property [epub-indexes-10]

index-headnotes

Narrative or other content to assist users in using the index.

Required parent context: index

HTML usage context: sectioning content, header

Usage details: index-headnotes property [epub-indexes-10]

index-legend

List of symbols, abbreviations or special formatting used in the index, and their meanings.

Required parent context: index-headnotes

HTML usage context: sectioning content, dl

Usage details: index-legend property [epub-indexes-10]

index-locator

A reference to an occurrence of the indexed content in the publication.

Required parent context: index-entry , index-locator-list , and index-locator-range

HTML usage context: a; this property is implied when parent context is index-locator-list or index-locator-range

Usage details: index-locator property [epub-indexes-10]

index-locator-list

Collection of sequential locators or locator ranges.

Required parent context: index-entry

HTML usage context: ul

Usage details: index-locator-list property [epub-indexes-10]

index-locator-range

A pair of locators that connects a term to a range of content rather than a single point.

Required parent context: index-locator-list and index-entry

HTML usage context: flow content

Usage details: index-locator-range property [epub-indexes-10]

index-term

Word, phrase, string, glyph, or image representing the indexable content.

Required parent context: index-xref-related , index-entry and index-xref-preferred

HTML usage context: phrasing content; typically span

Usage details: index-term property [epub-indexes-10]

index-term-categories

Wrapper for a list of the term categories belonging to an index.

Required parent context: index-xref-related and index-xref-preferred

HTML usage context: a

Usage details: index-term-categories property [epub-indexes-10]

index-term-category

Word, phrase, string, glyph, or image representing a category of terms in the index.

Required parent context: index-xref-related and index-xref-preferred

HTML usage context: a

Usage details: index-term-category property [epub-indexes-10]

index-xref-preferred

Reference from one term to one or more preferred terms or term categories in an index (analogous to "See xxx").

Required parent context: index-entry

HTML usage context: flow content

Usage details: index-xref-preferred property [epub-indexes-10]

Reference from one term to one or more related terms or term categories in an index (analogous to "See also xxx").

Required parent context: index-entry

HTML usage context: flow content

Usage details: index-xref-related property [epub-indexes-10]

7. Preliminary sections and components

Preliminary sections and components, typically occurring in the publication frontmatter.

acknowledgments

A section or statement that acknowledges significant contributions by persons, organizations, governments, and other entities to the realization of the work.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-acknowledgments

contributors

A list of contributors to the work.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

copyright-page

The copyright page of the work.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

dedication

An inscription at the front of the work, typically addressed in tribute to one or more persons close to the author.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-dedication

errata

A set of corrections discovered after initial publication of the work, sometimes referred to as corrigenda.

HTML usage context: section, aside, grouping content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-errata

halftitlepage

The half title page of the work.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

imprimatur

A formal statement authorizing the publication of the work.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

imprint

Information relating to the publication or distribution of the work.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

other-credits

Acknowledgments of previously published parts of the work, illustration credits, and permission to quote from copyrighted material.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

revision-history

A record of changes made to a work.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

seriespage [draft]

Marketing section used to list related publications.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

titlepage

The title page of the work.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

8. Complementary content

case-study [draft]

A detailed analysis of a specific topic.

Inherits from: xhv:complementary

HTML usage context: sectioning content

help [deprecated]

Helpful information that clarifies some aspect of the content or assists in its comprehension.

Inherits from: xhv:complementary

HTML usage context: aside, phrasing content

Replaced by: tip

marginalia [deprecated]

Content, both textual and graphical, that is offset in the margin.

Inherits from: xhv:complementary

HTML usage context: aside, phrasing content

Replaced by: aside

notice

Notifies the user of consequences that might arise from an action or event. Examples include warnings, cautions and dangers.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-notice

pullquote [draft]

A distinctively placed or highlighted quotation from the current content designed to draw attention to a topic or highlight a key point.

Inherits from: xhv:complementary

HTML usage context: aside

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-pullquote

Secondary or supplementary content, typically formatted as an inset or box.

Inherits from: xhv:complementary

HTML usage context: aside

Replaced by: aside

tip

Helpful information that clarifies some aspect of the content or assists in its comprehension.

Inherits from: xhv:complementary

HTML usage context: aside, phrasing content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-tip

warning [deprecated]

A warning.

HTML usage context: section, grouping content

Replaced by: notice

9. Titles and headings

bridgehead [deprecated]

A structurally insignificant heading that does not contribute to the hierarchical structure of the work.

HTML usage context: flow content, typically p, div or span

covertitle

The title of the work as displayed on the work's cover.

Inherits from: title

HTML usage context: heading content. This property should only appear once within the document scope.

fulltitle

The full title of the work, either simple, in which case it is identical to title, or compound, in which case it consists of a title and a subtitle.

Inherits from: title

Same as: http://purl.org/dc/terms/title

HTML usage context: heading content. This property should only appear once within the document scope.

halftitle

The title appearing on the first page of a work or immediately before the text.

Inherits from: title

HTML usage context: heading content. This property should only appear once within the document scope.

label [draft]

The text label that precedes an ordinal in a component title (e.g., 'Chapter', 'Part', 'Figure', 'Table').

Inherits from: title

HTML usage context: Phrasing content descendants of heading content, li and figcaption

ordinal [draft]

An ordinal specifier for a component in a sequence of components (e.g., '1', 'IV', 'B-1').

Inherits from: title

HTML usage context: Phrasing content descendants of heading content, li and figcaption

subtitle

An explanatory or alternate title for the work, or a section or component within it.

Inherits from: title

HTML usage context: heading content, phrasing content descendants of heading content, paragraphs, divs

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-subtitle

title

The primary name of a document component, such as a list, table, or figure.

HTML usage context: heading content, phrasing content descendants of heading content.

10. Educational content

10.1 Learning objectives

learning-objective

An explicit designation or description of a learning objective or a reference to an explicit learning objective.

HTML usage context: flow content, phrasing content

learning-objectives [draft]

A collection of learning-objectives.

HTML usage context: sectioning content, grouping content

learning-outcome [draft]

The understanding or ability a student is expected to achieve as a result of a lesson or activity.

HTML usage context: flow content

learning-outcomes [draft]

A collection of learning-outcomes.

HTML usage context: sectioning content, grouping content

learning-resource

A resource provided to enhance learning, or a reference to such a resource.

HTML usage context: flow content

learning-resources [draft]

A collection of learning-resources.

HTML usage context: sectioning content, grouping content

learning-standard [draft]

A formal set of expectations or requirements typically issued by a government or a standards body.

HTML usage context: sectioning content, phrasing content

learning-standards [draft]

A collection of learning-standards.

HTML usage context: sectioning content, grouping content

10.2 Testing

answer [draft]

The component of a self-assessment problem that provides the answer to the question.

HTML usage context: aside, grouping content

answers [draft]

A collection of answers.

HTML usage context: sectioning content, grouping content

assessment

A test, quiz, or other activity that helps measure a student's understanding of what is being taught.

HTML usage context: sectioning content

assessments [draft]

A collection of assessments.

HTML usage context: sectioning content

feedback [draft]

Instruction to the reader based on the result of an assessment.

HTML usage context: grouping content, phrasing content

fill-in-the-blank-problem [draft]

A problem that requires the reader to input a text answer to complete a sentence, statement or similar.

HTML usage context: aside, grouping content

general-problem [draft]

A problem with a free-form solution.

HTML usage context: aside, grouping content

match-problem [draft]

A problem that requires the reader to match the contents of one list with the corresponding items in another list.

HTML usage context: aside, grouping content

multiple-choice-problem [draft]

A problem with a set of potential answers to choose from ‒ some, all, or none of which may be correct.

HTML usage context: aside, grouping content

practice [draft]

A review exercise or sample.

See also: practices

HTML usage context: aside, grouping content

practices [draft]

A collection of practices.

HTML usage context: sectioning content

qna

A section of content structured as a series of questions and answers, such as an interview or list of frequently asked questions.

HTML usage context: lists or sectioning content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-qna

question [draft]

The component of a self-assessment problem that identifies the question to be solved.

HTML usage context: grouping content

true-false-problem [draft]

A problem with either a true or false answer.

HTML usage context: aside, grouping content

11. Comics

balloon

An area in a comic panel that contains the words, spoken or thought, of a character.

HTML usage context: li

Usage details: EPUB Region-Based Navigation [epub-region-nav-10]

panel

An individual frame, or drawing.

HTML usage context: li

Usage details: EPUB Region-Based Navigation [epub-region-nav-10]

panel-group

A group of panels (e.g., a strip).

HTML usage context: li

Usage details: EPUB Region-Based Navigation [epub-region-nav-10]

sound-area

An area of text in a comic panel that represents a sound.

HTML usage context: li

Usage details: EPUB Region-Based Navigation [epub-region-nav-10]

text-area

An area of text in a comic panel. Used to represent titles, narrative text, character dialogue (inside a balloon or not) and similar.

HTML usage context: li

Usage details: EPUB Region-Based Navigation [epub-region-nav-10]

12. Notes and annotations

annotation [deprecated]

Explanatory information about passages in the work.

Inherits from: xhv:complementary

HTML usage context: aside, phrasing content

Replaced by: Open Annotation in EPUB

endnote

One of a collection of notes that occur at the end of a work, or a section within it, that provides additional context to a referenced passage of text.

See also: endnotes

HTML usage context: On the aside element when identifying a single endnote, or on descendants of sectioning content when identifying individual endnotes in a group (refer to footnotes and endnotes).

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-endnote (Deprecated)

endnotes

A collection of notes at the end of a work or a section within it.

See also: endnote

HTML usage context: sectioning content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-endnotes

footnote

Ancillary information, such as a citation or commentary, that provides additional context to a referenced passage of text.

See also: footnotes

HTML usage context: On the aside element when identifying a single footnote, or on descendants of sectioning content when identifying individual footnotes in a group (refer to footnotes and endnotes).

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-footnote

footnotes

A collection of footnotes.

See also: footnote

HTML usage context: sectioning content

note [deprecated]

A note. This property does not carry spatial positioning semantics, as do the footnote and endnote properties. It can be used to identify footnotes, endnotes, marginal notes, inline notes, and similar when legacy naming conventions are not desired.

HTML usage context: On the aside element when identifying a single note, or on descendants of sectioning content when identifying individual notes in a group (refer to footnotes and endnotes).

Replaced by: footnote, endnote

rearnote [deprecated]

A note appearing in the rear (backmatter) of the work, or at the end of a section.

See also: rearnotes

HTML usage context: On the aside element when identifying a single rearnote, or on descendants of sectioning content when identifying individual rearnotes in a group (refer to footnotes and rearnotes).

Replaced by: endnote

rearnotes [deprecated]

A collection of notes appearing at the rear (backmatter) of the work, or at the end of a section.

See also: rearnote

HTML usage context: sectioning content

Replaced by: endnotes

14. Document text

Terms for describing components at the phrasing level.

concluding-sentence

A phrase or sentence serving as a concluding summary of the containing paragraph.

HTML usage context: phrasing content

credit [draft]

An acknowledgment of the source of integrated content from third-party sources, such as photos. Typically identifies the creator, copyright, and any restrictions on reuse.

HTML usage context: phrasing content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-credit

keyword

A key word or phrase.

HTML usage context: phrasing content

topic-sentence

A phrase or sentence serving as an introductory summary of the containing paragraph.

HTML usage context: phrasing content

15. Pagination

page-list

A navigational aid that provides a list of links to the pagebreaks in the content.

HTML usage context: sectioning content

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-pagelist

Usage details: The page-list nav Element [epub-33]

pagebreak

A separator denoting the position before which a break occurs between two contiguous pages in a statically paginated version of the content.

Page break locators are also commonly used to provide static markers in purely digital publications (i.e., where no statically paginated equivalent exists). These markers provide consistent navigation regardless of differences in font and screen size that can otherwise affect the dynamic pagination of the content.

EPUB creators must ensure the name of the page break is an end user-consumable page number that identifies the page that is beginning.

HTML usage context: phrasing and flow content, where the value of the carrying elements title attribute takes precedence over element content for the purposes of representing the pagebreak value

DPUB-ARIA role: doc-pagebreak

16. Tables

table

A structure containing data or content laid out in tabular form.

HTML usage context: Not Allowed

Media overlays usage context: Identifies a seq or par as an escapable or skippable table structure.

table-row

A row of data or content in a tabular structure.

HTML usage context: Not Allowed

Media overlays usage context: Identifies a seq or par as an escapable or skippable table row.

table-cell

A single cell of tabular data or content.

HTML usage context: Not Allowed

Media overlays usage context: Identifies a seq or par as an escapable or skippable table cell.

17. Lists

list

A structure that contains an enumeration of related content items.

HTML usage context: Not Allowed

Media overlays usage context: Identifies a seq or par as an escapable or skippable list structure.

list-item

A single item in an enumeration.

HTML usage context: Not Allowed

Media overlays usage context: Identifies a seq or par as an escapable or skippable list item.

18. Figures

figure

An illustration, diagram, photo, code listing or similar, referenced from the text of a work, and typically annotated with a title, caption and/or credits.

HTML usage context: Not Allowed

Media overlays usage context: Identifies a seq or par as an escapable or skippable figure.

19. Asides

aside

Secondary or supplementary content.

HTML usage context: Not Allowed

Media overlays usage context: Identifies a seq or par as an escapable or skippable aside.

A. Acknowledgements

This section is non-normative.

The following members of the EPUB 3 Working Group contributed to the development of this specification:

B. References

B.1 Informative references

[dpub-aria-1.0]
Digital Publishing WAI-ARIA Module 1.0. Matt Garrish; Tzviya Siegman; Markus Gylling; Shane McCarron. W3C. 14 December 2017. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/dpub-aria-1.0/
[epub-33]
EPUB 3.3. Ivan Herman; Matt Garrish; Dave Cramer. W3C. 25 May 2023. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/epub-33/
[epub-dict-10]
EPUB Dictionaries and Glossaries 1.0. IDPF. 26 August 2015. URL: http://idpf.org/epub/dict
[epub-indexes-10]
EPUB Indexes 1.0. IDPF. 26 August 2015. URL: http://idpf.org/epub/idx
[epub-region-nav-10]
EPUB Region-Based Navigation 1.0. IDPF. 26 August 2015. URL: http://idpf.org/epub/renditions/region-nav
[html]
HTML Standard. Anne van Kesteren; Domenic Denicola; Ian Hickson; Philip Jägenstedt; Simon Pieters. WHATWG. Living Standard. URL: https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/
[html-aria]
ARIA in HTML. Scott O'Hara; Patrick Lauke. W3C. 13 December 2023. W3C Recommendation. URL: https://www.w3.org/TR/html-aria/